Hebrews 1:9

Berean Standard Bible
You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, Your God, has anointed You above Your companions with the oil of joy.”
 
King James Bible
Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
 
NET Bible
You have loved righteousness and hated lawlessness. So God, your God, has anointed you over your companions with the oil of rejoicing."
 
Greek Text:
ἠγάπησας δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἐμίσησας ἀνομίαν· διὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέν σε ὁ θεός, ὁ θεός σου, ἔλαιον ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους σου.
 
Transliteration:
ēgápēsas dikaiosýnēn kaì emísēsas anomían; dià toúto échrisén se ho theós, ho theós sou, élaion agalliáseōs parà toùs metóchous sou.
 
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Study Bible:
 
You have loved righteousness
This phrase highlights the deep affection and commitment that Jesus has for righteousness. The Greek word for "loved" is "agapao," which denotes a selfless, sacrificial love. Righteousness, or "dikaiosyne" in Greek, refers to the quality of being morally right or justifiable. In the context of Jesus, this love for righteousness is not merely an abstract concept but is demonstrated through His life and teachings. Historically, Jesus' adherence to righteousness was evident in His fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets, as well as His perfect obedience to the Father. This love for righteousness sets a standard for believers, encouraging them to pursue holiness and justice in their own lives.
 
and hated wickedness
The Greek word for "hated" is "miseo," which implies a strong aversion or detest. Wickedness, or "anomia," refers to lawlessness or iniquity. Jesus' hatred for wickedness is not a passive dislike but an active opposition to sin and evil. This reflects the holiness of God, who cannot tolerate sin. In the historical context, Jesus' ministry was marked by His confrontation with the religious leaders of the time, who often embodied hypocrisy and unrighteousness. For believers, this serves as a reminder to reject sin and strive for purity, aligning their values with those of Christ.
 
therefore God, Your God
The phrase "therefore God, Your God," emphasizes the relationship between Jesus and the Father. The repetition of "God" underscores the divine authority and approval bestowed upon Jesus. The Greek word "theos" is used here, which is the general term for God. This phrase also highlights the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah, who would be anointed by God. It reflects the Trinitarian relationship, where Jesus, though fully God, submits to the Father’s will. This submission is a model for believers, illustrating the importance of obedience and reverence to God.
 
has anointed You
The term "anointed" comes from the Greek word "chrio," which means to consecrate or set apart for a special purpose. In the Old Testament, anointing was a symbolic act of consecration for prophets, priests, and kings. Jesus, as the Anointed One (Messiah), fulfills all these roles. His anointing signifies His divine appointment and empowerment by the Holy Spirit to accomplish His redemptive mission. For Christians, this anointing is a reminder of the Holy Spirit's role in their lives, empowering them to live out their faith and fulfill their God-given purposes.
 
above Your companions
This phrase indicates the superiority and preeminence of Jesus over others. The Greek word "metochos" is translated as "companions," which can refer to those who share in a common calling or mission. In the context of Hebrews, this could refer to angels or other messianic figures. Jesus' exaltation above His companions underscores His unique status as the Son of God and the ultimate High Priest. For believers, this serves as a reassurance of Jesus' authority and the sufficiency of His sacrifice, encouraging them to place their trust in Him alone.
 
with the oil of joy
The "oil of joy" symbolizes gladness and divine favor. In ancient times, oil was used in anointing ceremonies to signify blessing and consecration. The Greek word "agalliasis" for "joy" conveys a sense of exultant happiness. This joy is not merely emotional but is rooted in the fulfillment of God's promises and the establishment of His kingdom through Christ. For Christians, the oil of joy represents the joy of salvation and the presence of the Holy Spirit, who brings comfort and hope. It encourages believers to live joyfully, knowing they share in the victory and inheritance of Christ.
 
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Commentary:
 
Divine Anointment: "Therefore God, your God, has set you above your companions by anointing you with the oil of joy." This part of the verse underscores the divine appointment or anointment of Jesus, highlighting his superiority and unique role among all beings. The anointing with "the oil of joy" symbolizes joy, divine favor, and the presence of the Holy Spirit.
 
Moral Qualities: "You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness." This reflects the character of Christ, emphasizing his love for justice and his rejection of evil. This quality is what leads to his exaltation.
 
Christological Implications: The verse supports the Christian doctrine of the divinity and preeminence of Jesus Christ. By quoting from an Old Testament Psalm, it ties the Old Testament prophecy or expectation with the New Testament fulfillment in Jesus.
 
Exaltation: The exaltation described here is both in terms of status ("above your companions") and in the joy or happiness associated with his role, indicating a celebration of his reign.
 
This passage is part of a broader argument in Hebrews 1 to demonstrate the supremacy of Christ over angels, emphasizing Jesus' divine nature, his role as king, and his eternal reign, which are foundational Christian beliefs about the identity and mission of Jesus.