Deuteronomy 1:5

Berean Standard Bible
On the east side of the Jordan in the land of Moab, Moses began to explain this law, saying:
 
King James Bible
On this side Jordan, in the land of Moab, began Moses to declare this law, saying,
 
NET Bible
So it was in the Transjordan, in Moab, that Moses began to deliver these words:
 
Hebrew:

בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן בְּאֶרֶץ מוֹאָב הוֹאִיל מֹשֶׁה בֵּאֵר אֶת־הַתּוֹרָה הַזֹּאת לֵאמֹר׃

 
Transliteration:
Be'ever haYarden, be'eretz Mo'av, ho'il Moshe be'er et haTorah ha'zot le'emor.
 
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Study Bible:
 
On the east side of the Jordan
This phrase situates the narrative geographically, emphasizing the Israelites' position just outside the Promised Land. The Jordan River serves as a significant boundary, both physically and spiritually. In Hebrew, "Jordan" (יַרְדֵּן, Yarden) means "descender," symbolizing a transition from the wilderness wanderings to the inheritance of Canaan. The east side, often associated with the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, represents a place of preparation and anticipation. Historically, this location underscores the Israelites' journey and the fulfillment of God's promises.
 
in the land of Moab
Moab, a region east of the Dead Sea, holds a complex relationship with Israel. The Moabites, descendants of Lot, were both kin and adversaries to the Israelites. The Hebrew root for Moab (מוֹאָב) suggests "from the father," reflecting its origins in the biblical narrative. This land, while outside the Promised Land, becomes a place of divine revelation and instruction. Archaeologically, Moab is known for its rich history and interactions with Israel, as evidenced by the Mesha Stele, which provides insight into Moabite culture and their conflicts with Israel.
 
Moses began to explain
Moses, the great prophet and leader, takes on the role of teacher and interpreter of God's law. The Hebrew verb "began" (הוֹאִיל, ho'il) implies a deliberate and willing action, highlighting Moses' dedication to his divine mission. "To explain" (בֵּאֵר, be'er) suggests a deep, thorough exposition, ensuring that the Israelites understand the law's significance. This act of explanation is crucial as it prepares the new generation for life in the Promised Land, emphasizing the continuity of God's covenant and the importance of obedience.
 
this law
The term "law" (תּוֹרָה, Torah) encompasses more than legal statutes; it represents divine instruction and guidance. In the context of Deuteronomy, it refers to the reiteration and expansion of the laws given at Sinai. The Torah is central to Israel's identity and relationship with God, serving as a foundation for their communal and spiritual life. This moment marks a renewal of the covenant, reminding the Israelites of their unique calling and responsibilities as God's chosen people.
 
saying
The word "saying" (לֵאמֹר, le'emor) introduces direct speech, indicating that what follows is of utmost importance. It signals a transition from narrative to instruction, inviting the audience to listen attentively. This phrase underscores the authority of Moses' words, as he speaks not on his own behalf but as a mouthpiece for God. The use of "saying" also reflects the oral tradition of transmitting God's word, emphasizing the communal aspect of learning and living out the law.
 
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Commentary:
 
Context and Setting
Location: The verse specifies the geographical setting – "on this side Jordan, in the land of Moab." This indicates that the Israelites were on the eastern side of the Jordan River, preparing to cross into Canaan. Moab was a region where they had settled temporarily after their 40 years of wandering in the desert.
 
Timing: This moment comes at the end of their journey through the wilderness. The previous generation that left Egypt had mostly passed away, and now Moses addresses the new generation that would enter the Promised Land.
 
The Significance of Moses as the Speaker
Authority: Moses is the central figure in delivering God’s commandments to the Israelites. His role as a leader and prophet is emphasized here, underscoring the importance of what he is about to say.
 
Transition of Leadership: Deuteronomy also serves as a transition, as Moses is preparing to pass on leadership to Joshua. This adds urgency and weight to his declarations.
 
Declaring the Law
Repeating and Expounding the Law: The Hebrew word translated as “declare” implies a detailed explanation or expounding. Moses is not merely repeating the law but is offering interpretation, clarification, and emphasis. This was crucial for the new generation who did not experience the original events at Sinai directly.
 
Covenant Renewal: The declaration serves as a renewal of the covenant between God and Israel. Moses reminds the people of their history, the laws given to them, and the blessings and curses associated with obedience and disobedience.
 
Theological Implications
God’s Faithfulness and Human Responsibility: This verse, and indeed the entire book of Deuteronomy, highlights the faithfulness of God in keeping His promises despite human failures. It also underscores the responsibility of the Israelites to live according to the law as they enter a new phase of their national existence.
 
Preparation for the Future: The declarations of Moses are meant to prepare the Israelites spiritually, morally, and socially for the challenges they will face in the Promised Land.
 
Modern Applications
Learning and Teaching: Just as Moses declared the law to a new generation, there is an ongoing need in faith communities to teach and re-teach foundational truths to new generations.
 
Spiritual Renewal: Believers are encouraged to periodically revisit and renew their commitment to their faith and values, reflecting on their journey and God’s guidance.
 
In summary, Deuteronomy 1:5 is a pivotal verse that sets the stage for Moses’ comprehensive declaration of the law to the Israelites, emphasizing the importance of remembering and adhering to God’s commandments as they stand on the brink of a new chapter in their history. It invites both reflection on the past and preparation for the future, ensuring that the covenant relationship with God remains central to the community’s identity and mission.