Proverbs 1:1-2

 

These are the proverbs of Solomon son of David,
king of Israel,
for gaining wisdom and discipline,
for comprehending words of insight,
Proverbs 1:1-2 Berean Standard Bible (BSB)
 
The proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel;
To know wisdom and instruction; to perceive the words of understanding;
Proverbs 1:1-2 King James Bible (KJV)
 
The Proverbs of Solomon son of David, king of Israel:
To learn wisdom and moral instruction,
and to discern wise counsel.
Proverbs 1:1-2 New English Translation (NET)
 
These are the proverbs
The term "proverbs" in Hebrew is "mashal," which signifies a comparison, a parable, or a wise saying. Proverbs are succinct, thought-provoking statements that convey moral or practical truths. In the ancient Near Eastern context, proverbs were a common method of teaching wisdom and ethics. They are designed to be memorable and easily passed down through generations, serving as a guide for righteous living. The use of proverbs in the Bible underscores the importance of wisdom literature in imparting divine truths and practical guidance for daily life.
 
of Solomon
Solomon, the son of David, is traditionally credited as the author of the majority of the Proverbs. His name in Hebrew, "Shlomo," is derived from "shalom," meaning peace. Solomon is renowned for his wisdom, which he famously requested from God (1 Kings 3:9-12). His reign is often seen as a golden age for Israel, marked by prosperity and peace. Solomon's wisdom was not only a personal gift but also a divine endowment meant to guide the nation of Israel and, by extension, all who seek wisdom through these writings.
 
son of David
The phrase "son of David" establishes Solomon's royal lineage and his rightful place in the Davidic dynasty. David, the second king of Israel, is a central figure in biblical history, known for his heart for God and his role in uniting the tribes of Israel. This lineage is significant as it fulfills God's covenant with David, promising that his descendants would rule Israel. It also foreshadows the Messianic prophecy, as Jesus Christ is often referred to as the "Son of David," linking the wisdom of Solomon to the ultimate wisdom found in Christ.
 
king of Israel
As "king of Israel," Solomon's authority and responsibility were immense. His role was not only political but also spiritual, as he was to lead the nation in accordance with God's laws. The title emphasizes the theocratic nature of Israel's monarchy, where the king was expected to rule under God's guidance. Solomon's wisdom, therefore, was not just for personal edification but was intended to be a source of guidance and justice for the entire nation. His position as king underscores the importance of godly leadership and the impact of wisdom on governance and society.
 
for learning
The Hebrew word for "learning" is "לָדַעַת" (lada'at), which conveys the idea of acquiring knowledge or becoming acquainted with something. In the context of Proverbs, this learning is not merely academic but deeply practical, aimed at shaping one's character and actions. The pursuit of learning in Proverbs is a lifelong journey, emphasizing the importance of humility and openness to instruction. Historically, the ancient Israelites valued wisdom as a divine gift, essential for living a life that honors God.
 
wisdom
The Hebrew term "חָכְמָה" (chokmah) is rich in meaning, encompassing skill, shrewdness, and prudence. In the biblical context, wisdom is more than intellectual knowledge; it is the ability to make godly choices in everyday life. Wisdom in Proverbs is personified and is seen as a guiding force that leads to a life of righteousness and peace. The pursuit of wisdom is a central theme in the Bible, reflecting a deep-seated belief that true wisdom begins with the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10).
 
and discipline
The word "מוּסָר" (musar) in Hebrew refers to instruction, correction, or chastening. Discipline in the biblical sense is not punitive but corrective, aimed at guiding individuals toward moral and spiritual maturity. The concept of discipline is integral to the process of sanctification, where believers are shaped and molded into the likeness of Christ. Historically, discipline was seen as a sign of God's love and care, as a father disciplines the son he delights in (Proverbs 3:12).
 
for understanding
The Hebrew word "בִּין" (bin) implies discernment, insight, and the ability to perceive the true nature of things. Understanding in Proverbs is about seeing beyond the surface and grasping the deeper truths of life. It involves a heart that is attuned to God's wisdom and a mind that is open to His guidance. In the biblical narrative, understanding is often linked with wisdom, as both are necessary for living a life that pleases God.
 
insightful sayings
The phrase "דִּבְרֵי בִינָה" (divrei vinah) refers to words or expressions that convey deep understanding and insight. These sayings are not just clever aphorisms but are divinely inspired truths that offer guidance and direction. In the context of Proverbs, these sayings are meant to be meditated upon and applied to one's life. They serve as a source of light in a world often clouded by confusion and moral ambiguity. The historical context of Proverbs as a collection of wisdom literature highlights the value placed on such sayings in guiding individuals and communities toward a life of righteousness and justice.
 
Berean Study Bible
 
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Proverbs 1:1 introduces the book as the "proverbs of Solomon," indicating that these are wise sayings primarily attributed to King Solomon, known for his wisdom (1 Kings 4:29-34). This verse establishes the authority and source of the sayings, linking them to the wisdom tradition of Israel's greatest king.
 
Proverbs 1:2 outlines one of the primary purposes of the book. The phrase "to know wisdom and instruction" suggests that the Proverbs are meant to impart wisdom, which in Hebrew thought often encompasses skillful living, moral insight, and understanding how to navigate life in a godly manner. "Instruction" here refers to discipline or correction, implying that the proverbs are not just for intellectual enlightenment but for practical, life-changing teaching.
 
"To perceive the words of understanding" further elaborates on the purpose. This implies that the proverbs aim to enhance one's ability to discern or interpret situations wisely, to understand deeper meanings behind actions, words, and events. It's about developing an insightful perspective on life that aligns with divine wisdom.
 
In summary, these opening verses set the stage for the Book of Proverbs by:
 
Identifying Solomon as the primary source of the wisdom contained within.
 
Declaring the book's purpose to educate in wisdom, discipline, and discernment.
 
This introduction prepares the reader for a collection of sayings meant to guide one towards a life of righteousness, prudence, and understanding in accordance with God's will.
 
Divine Gift: Solomon's wisdom is famously attributed to a divine gift from God. According to 1 Kings 3:5-15, God appeared to Solomon in a dream and asked what he wanted. Instead of asking for wealth, long life, or the defeat of his enemies, Solomon requested an "understanding heart" to judge God's people and to discern between good and evil. Pleased with this request, God granted him not only wisdom but also wealth and honor.
 
Practical Wisdom: Solomon's wisdom was practical and judicial. The well-known story of the two women claiming the same baby (1 Kings 3:16-28) showcases his ability to discern truth through an ingenious test, demonstrating his wisdom in judgment.
 
Literary Wisdom: Solomon is traditionally credited with authoring much of the wisdom literature in the Hebrew Bible, including:
 
Proverbs: A collection of wise sayings intended for teaching and learning wisdom and discipline.
 
Ecclesiastes: Reflects on the meaning of life, often through a lens of skepticism about human endeavors, concluding that fearing God and keeping his commandments is the whole duty of man.
 
Song of Solomon: A poetic celebration of love, often interpreted as an allegory of God's love for Israel or Christ's love for the church.
 
Characteristics of Solomon's Wisdom:
 
Moral and Ethical: Solomon's wisdom was deeply rooted in ethics, promoting righteousness, justice, and the fear of the Lord as the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 1:7).
 
Broad Knowledge: His wisdom extended beyond moral judgment to include vast knowledge in natural sciences, literature, and proverbs (1 Kings 4:29-34), making him renowned among kings and peoples from all over.
 
Philosophical Reflection: In Ecclesiastes, Solomon (or Qoheleth, the Preacher) engages in existential reflection, questioning the vanity of human pursuits while ultimately affirming faith in God.
 
Cultural Impact:
 
Solomon's reputation for wisdom has transcended Jewish tradition, influencing Christian, Islamic, and broader philosophical thought on wisdom, governance, and the pursuit of knowledge.
 
His wisdom is often cited in discussions about leadership, where discernment, humility, and seeking the common good are valued.
 
Caveats:
 
Despite his wisdom, Solomon's later years are depicted with challenges and moral failings, reminding readers that wisdom does not guarantee personal virtue or success in all areas of life.
 
The complexity of Solomon's character and the historical context of his reign provide a nuanced view of wisdom, showing it as something to be continually sought after and applied with humility.
 
In summary, Solomon's wisdom is celebrated for its divine origin, practical application, and profound teachings, yet it also serves as a reminder of the human condition's complexities, where wisdom must be accompanied by personal integrity and devotion to God.
 
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The proverbs of Solomon,.... Who is said to make three thousand proverbs, 1Ki_4:32; but whether any of them are contained in this book cannot be said: however, it is certain that they are not all in it, since, if you except the first "nine" chapters, which are the introduction to the Proverbs, there are but six hundred and fifty-nine verses in it; and if they are taken in, they make but nine hundred and fifteen, which are not a third part of the proverbs said to be made by him: however, here are as many and such as God thought fit should be preserved for instruction in all future ages. It was usual with the ancients in all countries, when any truth was found, and established by experience, to wrap it up in a few apt words, with or without a figure; that it might be the better understood and more easily retained, and which were always venerable and greatly attended to: and of this kind are these proverbs; only with this difference, that these are of divine inspiration, and the others not. The word used for them comes from one which signifies "similitude" and "dominion" (g); because many of them are similes or comparisons, and are delivered out in figurative expressions, in metaphors and allegories, and the like; and have all of them a commanding power, authority, and influence upon the mind, obliging to an attention to them. The name of Solomon is put to them, the more to recommend them; who had a wise and understanding heart, as large as the sand of the sea, and was wiser than all men, 1Ki_4:29; and was an eminent type of Christ, who spake in proverbs also, Jhn_16:25. He is further described by his pedigree and office,
the son of David, king of Israel; a wise son of a wise father, and king over a wise and understanding people. These titles are added for the further commendation of the book; and it may be observed that they are such as belong to the Messiah, Solomon's antitype, one that is greater than he, Mat_1:1.
 
(g) A rad. משל "dominatus est----lvmn comparatus, similis, consimilis factus est", Buxtorf. "Mirum est quod radix משל significans antoritatem cum imperio, significat etiam parabolas vel sermones figuratos----verba quae משלים vocantur, habent autoritatem, nobis ideam immittunt, dicentis ut nos supereminentis, saltem sapientia, ingenio, doctrina; nos persuadent et pondere suo, quasi imperio noe ducunt". Gusset. Ebr. Comment. p. 845.
 
To know wisdom and instruction,.... That is, these proverbs were made, and written, and published, to make known or to teach men wisdom and knowledge; not only in things moral, and therefore these proverbs are by some called Solomon's "ethics"; and indeed they do contain the best system of morality in the whole world; nothing like it is to be extracted out of all the writings of the Heathen poets and philosophers: nor only in things civil; for which reason they may be called his "politics", seeing they are instructive to kings and civil magistrates, and to subjects; and also his "economics", seeing they furnish out rules for husbands and wives, parents and children, masters and servants, worthy of their attention and observance: but also they are a means of and are designed to teach spiritual and evangelical wisdom and knowledge; things relating to Jesus Christ, the wisdom of God, and the way of life and salvation by him, the knowledge of which is life eternal. These words, with others that follow, seem to be synonymous, and signify much one and the same thing; and are used to show that the most consummate wisdom and comprehensive knowledge may be attained by means of this book; which, like the rest of Scripture, with a divine blessing, is able to make a man "wise unto salvation"; and is "profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, and for instruction in righteousness", 2Ti_3:15; where the apostle seems to allude to this text: since "wisdom" here may stand for "doctrine" in general; and "instruction" may signify the means of attaining to it; and it may be observed, that the word is used for "discipline" and "correction", as well as "instruction". If these words are to be distinguished, the first, "wisdom", may design a wise scheme and plan of truths, and the theory of them and the latter, "instruction", the learning it and putting it into practice; and for both theory and practice this book is useful;
 
to perceive the words of understanding; which flow from a good understanding, and give a right understanding of things; so that a man may be able to distinguish between light and darkness, truth and error, right and wrong; particularly the doctrines of the Gospel may be meant, which are eminently so, and exceed the understanding of a natural man, and which are only understood by a spiritual man; the means of knowing which are the Scriptures, under the guidance and direction of the Spirit of God.
 
John Gill’s Exposition of the Bible
 
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Why should we bother with Proverbs? It is, after all, the Old Testament, and aside from its cutesy and folksy sayings, it doesn't have any real applicability to our lives today since we are under the New Covenant, not the Old, right? On the contrary, Proverbs is very relevant to our lives today and we would do well to study it closely. Proverbs is unique in that its stated purpose is to provide us with moral instruction and skills to be able to tell the difference between good advice and bad, to tell the difference between what is morally right and morally wrong. Take heed, listen, and learn.
 
As we are studying Proverbs, we would save ourselves a lot of grief if we’d remember that more than a few years have passed since these proverbs were first collected and committed to writing. People have changed, society has changed, beliefs have changed, even language has changed. We have to avoid any thoughts that we can fully understand what is being said simply from an initial cursory glance.
 
Despite these difficulties, it is still worth our time to study these proverbs in some detail. There is much for us to learn, much wisdom for us to attain if only we apply ourselves honestly, and with an open mind. It is also helpful for us to remember that, as with most of Scripture, both Old and New Testaments, the words are directed to, and are about, the people of God, not to those who do not believe.